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Website hacking is a common phenomenon in the digital world. It's a method of gaining unauthorized access to a website or web application, and it is often done to disrupt the normal functioning of the website, extract sensitive information, or simply for fun. However, website hacking is not a one-click job. It involves a series of steps, one of which is information gathering.

Information gathering is the process of collecting vital information about the target website or web application. It is the first step in the hacking process, and it determines the success of the attack. Skilled hackers utilize various tools and techniques to gather information about the target website.

Some of the common tools used for information gathering during website hacking include:

• WHOIS: This is a domain name lookup service that provides information about the owner of a domain name, including their name, contact information, and registration details.

• NMAP: It is a network exploration and monitoring tool that helps detect open ports, services, and operating systems of the target system.

• Google Dorks: These are search queries that help find vulnerabilities, sensitive information, and hidden pages of a website.

• Crawlers: Crawlers, such as Burp Suite and OWASP ZAP, are used to scan and map out the web application, detailing the routes it follows, and requesting relevant files.

Knowing your target website is critical to developing a successful hacking strategy. Information gathering helps hackers identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the target system that they can exploit. Hackers can gather information such as server information, domain name registration details, email addresses, IP addresses, and other critical data essential for launching an attack.

Some of the information that hackers aim to collect include:

• Network infrastructure: This includes the IP address, domain name, network topology, and hostnames. It helps hackers identify potential entry points to the target system.

• Web server software and configuration: Information about web server software helps identify potential vulnerabilities and loopholes that can be exploited. It includes the type of server, the version, and its configuration structure.

• Application infrastructure: This identifies the type of applications running on the server, including their versions, and the server's operating system.

• User Information: This includes details about the website users such as their usernames, passwords, and other sensitive information.

Hackers gather this information to plan an attack on the target website. They use this information to identify the weak spots in the system and exploit them to gain access. Once they have infiltrated the website, they can cause severe damage by stealing passwords, deleting critical files, or defacing web pages.

In conclusion, the information gathering process is critical to website hacking. It lays the groundwork for the attack by providing hackers with valuable information about the target system. Web administrators must focus on securing their website's infrastructure and systems to prevent hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities and compromising the safety of their users. It is essential to hire experts in cybersecurity, who can help in preventing information leaks and attacks on vulnerable websites.