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Network hacking is a term used to describe the act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer network for malicious purposes. One of the most common methods of network hacking is cracking WPA and WPA2 encrypted Wi-Fi networks.

WPA and WPA2 are two common encryption protocols used to secure Wi-Fi networks. These protocols use a shared secret key known as a pre-shared key or PSK to encrypt network traffic. Unfortunately, these keys can be cracked using various tools and techniques.

One popular tool for cracking WPA and WPA2 encrypted Wi-Fi networks is Aircrack-ng. This powerful tool is available for both Windows and Linux and can be used to sniff Wi-Fi traffic, capture handshakes, and crack WPA and WPA2 passwords.

To use Aircrack-ng, the attacker must capture a handshake between the Wi-Fi access point and a client device. The handshake is a process that occurs when a client device connects to a Wi-Fi network and requests access. A successful handshake capture will provide the attacker with the necessary data to begin the password cracking process.

Once the attacker has captured the handshake, they can use Aircrack-ng to attempt to crack the WPA or WPA2 password. This process can take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours depending on the complexity of the password and the processing power of the attacker's computer.

Some other tools that can be used for cracking WPA and WPA2 passwords include Hashcat and John the Ripper. Both of these tools utilize powerful algorithms to brute force decrypt the PSK.

To prevent WPA and WPA2 password cracking, it is important to use strong, complex passwords consisting of letters, numbers, and symbols. It is also recommended to use a Wi-Fi security protocol called WPA3 which is much stronger than its predecessors and uses better encryption algorithms.

In conclusion, cracking WPA and WPA2 encrypted Wi-Fi networks is a common technique used by network hackers. Attackers can utilize various tools and techniques to capture handshakes and crack passwords, so it's crucial to use strong passwords and consider switching to more secure protocols like WPA3 to prevent unauthorized access to your network.